AI in education

AI in Education

Survey/study of

• 2023-08: Perception, performance, and detectability of conversational artificial intelligence across 32 university courses
• 2023-10: Employees secretly using AI at work.
• 2023-10: Survey shows students using AI more than professors.
• 2023-11: ChatGPT has entered the classroom: how LLMs could transform education

AI improves learning/education

• Mollick, Ethan R. and Mollick, Lilach and Bach, Natalie and Ciccarelli, LJ and Przystanski, Ben and Ravipinto, Daniel, AI Agents and Education: Simulated Practice at Scale (June 17, 2024). The Wharton School Research Paper. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.4871171
  • Can enable personalized education.
• Generative AI for Programming Education: Benchmarking ChatGPT, GPT-4, and Human Tutors
  • GPT4 can out-perform human tutors.
• Keppler, Samantha and Sinchaisri, Wichinpong and Snyder, Clare, Backwards Planning with Generative AI: Case Study Evidence from US K12 Teachers (August 13, 2024). doi: 10.2139/ssrn.4924786
  • Teachers benefit from using AI as a co-pilot to aid in tasks (planning, how to teach topic, explore ideas).
  • There is smaller utility in using AI purely as a text-generator (to make quizzes, workbooks, etc.).

AI harms learning

• A real-world test of artificial intelligence infiltration of a university examinations system: A “Turing Test” case study ** Current grading systems cannot detect AI.
• Bastani, Hamsa and Bastani, Osbert and Sungu, Alp and Ge, Haosen and Kabakcı, Özge and Mariman, Rei, Generative AI Can Harm Learning (July 15, 2024). The Wharton School Research Paper.doi: 10.2139/ssrn.4895486
  • Access to ChatGPT harmed math education outcomes.

Software/systems

• GPTutor (code)
• EduChat: A Large-Scale Language Model-based Chatbot System for Intelligent Education
• Eureka Labs (founded by Andrej Karpathy) aims to create AI-driven courses (first course is Intro to LLMs)

Individual tools

• Chatbot (OpenAI ChatGPT, Anthropic Claude, Google Gemini)
• NotebookLM: Enables one to "chat with documents".

AI for grading

• Can Large Language Models Make the Grade? An Empirical Study Evaluating LLMs Ability To Mark Short Answer Questions in K-12 Education (preprint)

Detection

• Do teachers spot AI? Evaluating the detectability of AI-generated texts among student essays
  • GenAI can simulate student writing in a way that teachers cannot detect.
  • AI essays are assessed more positively than student-written.
  • Teachers are overconfident in their source identification.
  • Both novice and experienced teachers could not identify texts generated by ChatGPT vs. students

AI/human

AI out-performs humans

Tests

• 2023-07: SciBench: Evaluating College-Level Scientific Problem-Solving Abilities of Large Language Models
• 2024-06: A real-world test of artificial intelligence infiltration of a university examinations system: A “Turing Test” case study
  • AI scores higher than median students.

Creativity

• 2023-09: Best humans still outperform artificial intelligence in a creative divergent thinking task
  • Best humans out-perform AI at creativity. (By implication, median humans may not.)
• 2024-02: The current state of artificial intelligence generative language models is more creative than humans on divergent thinking tasks
• 2024-02: Felin, Teppo and Holweg, Matthias, Theory Is All You Need: AI, Human Cognition, and Causal Reasoning (February 24, 2024). doi: 10.2139/ssrn.4737265
  • Argues that human "theory-based" creativity is better than AI "data-based".
• 2024-07: Pron vs Prompt: Can Large Language Models already Challenge a World-Class Fiction Author at Creative Text Writing?
  • Top human (professional author) out-performs GPT4.
• 2024-09: Can LLMs Generate Novel Research Ideas? A Large-Scale Human Study with 100+ NLP Researchers
  • LLMs can be creative

Professions

• 2024-03: Influence of a Large Language Model on Diagnostic Reasoning: A Randomized Clinical Vignette Study
  • GPT4 improves medical practitioner work; surprisingly, GPT4 alone scored better than a human with GPT4 as aid (on selected tasks).
• Humanity's Last Exam
  • Effort to build a dataset of challenging (but resolvable) questions in specific domain areas, to act as a benchmark to test whether AIs are improving in these challenging topics.

AI improves human work

Coding

• 2023-02: The Impact of AI on Developer Productivity: Evidence from GitHub Copilot
• 2024-09: Cui, Zheyuan and Demirer, Mert and Jaffe, Sonia and Musolff, Leon and Peng, Sida and Salz, Tobias, The Effects of Generative AI on High Skilled Work: Evidence from Three Field Experiments with Software Developers (September 03, 2024). doi: 10.2139/ssrn.4945566

Creativity

• 2024-07: Generative AI enhances individual creativity but reduces the collective diversity of novel content
• 2024-08: An empirical investigation of the impact of ChatGPT on creativity

Uptake

TBD

See Also

• UNESCO. Guidance for Generative AI in Education and Research